Agriculture in India
Economic
transformation of a developing country like India crucially depends on the
performance of its agriculture and allied sector. This sector plays a
significant role in rural livelihood, employment and national food security
Share in Gross Value Added in Agriculture
The share of
agriculture and allied sectors in the Gross Value Added (GVA) of the country at
current prices have declined from 18.2 per cent in 2014-15 to 16.5 per cent in
2019-20.
The share of agriculture and
allied sectors in the total GVA of the country has been declining on account of
relatively higher growth performance of non-agricultural sectors. This is a
natural outcome of the development process that leads to faster growth of
non-agricultural sectors owing to structural changes taking place in the
economy.
Growth in Agriculture & Allied Sectors
The growth of
GVA of agriculture and allied sectors have witnessed a fluctuating trend. GVA at
constant (2011-12) prices for 2019-20 from ‘Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing’
sector is estimated to grow by 2.8 per cent as compared to growth of 2.9 per
cent in 2018-19.
AGRICULTURAL TRADE
India occupies a leading position
in the global trade of agricultural products. However, its total agricultural
export basket accounts for a little over 2.15 per cent of the world
agricultural trade.
The major export
destinations are USA, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Nepal and Bangladesh.
Since the
economic reforms began in 1991, India has remained consistently a net exporter
of agri-products, touching ` 2.7 lakh crore exports and imports at ` 1.37 lakh
crore in 2018-19.
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
The Department
of Agricultural Research & Education (DARE) provides the necessary
government linkages for the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the
premier research organisation for coordinating, guiding and managing research
and education in agriculture, including horticulture, fisheries and animal
sciences.
High Yielding Varieties and Breeder Seeds
The hallmark of
ICAR is new crop varieties having specific traits that improve yield and
nutritional quality along with tolerance/resistance to various biotic and
abiotic stresses besides matching crop production and protection technologies
for target agro-ecologies. A total of 220 new varieties/hybrids of field crops
and 93 horticultural crops were notified/released during 2019-20
Source: Economic Survey 2020
Also Read: Economic Survey 2020 One-Liners
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