Five Year Plans

Introduction:

Though the planned economic development in India began in 1951 with the inception of First Five Year Plan, theoretical efforts had begun much earlier, even prior to independence.

Setting up of National Planning Committee by Indian National Congress in 1938, The Bombay Plan was presented by 8 leading industrialists of Bombay & Gandhian Plan by Shriman Narayan Agarwal in 1944, Peoples Plan in 1945 by MN Roy (by post-war reconstruction Committee of Indian Trade Union), Sarvodaya Plan in 1950 by Jaiprakash Narayan stepped in this direction

1. First Five Year Plan:( 1951 to 1956)

·         It was based on the Harrod-Domar model.

·         Its main focus was on the agricultural development of the country.

·         This plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 3.6% (more than its target)

·         Major Incidents at the time

§  Command Development  Program (by Krishnamachari recommendations) 1952

§  Family Planning Program

2. Second Five Year Plan :( 1956 to 1961)

·         It was based on the P.C. Mahalanobis Model.

·         Its main focus was on the industrial development of the country.

·         This plan was successful and achieved a growth rate of 4.1%.                                            

3. Third Five Year Plan :( 1961 to 1966)

·         This plan is called ‘Gadgil Yojna’ also.

·         The main target of this plan was to make the economy independent and to reach the self-active position of take-off.

·         Due to china war, this plan could not achieve its growth target of 5.6%

4. Plan Holiday :(1966 to 1969)

·         The main reason behind the plan holiday was the Indo-Pakistan war & failure of the third plan.

·         During this plan, annual plans were made and equal priority was given to agriculture its allied sectors and the industry sector.

·         Major Incidents at the time

§  Devaluation of Rupee (1966)

5. Fourth Five Year Plan(1969 to 1974)

·         There were two main objectives of this plan i.e. growth with stability and progressive achievement of self-reliance.

·         During this plan, the slogan of “Garibi Hatao” is given during the 1971 elections by Indira Gandhi.

·         This plan failed and could achieve a growth rate of 3.3% only against the target of 5.7%.      

6. Fifth Five Year Plan:( 1974 to 1979)

·         In this plan top priority was given to agriculture, next came to industry and mines.

·         Overall this plan was successful which achieved a growth of 4.8% against the target of 4.4%.

·         The draft of this plan was prepared and launched by the D.P. Dhar. This plan was terminated in 1978.

7. Rolling Plan:

 This plan was started with an annual plan for 1978-79 and as a continuation of the terminated fifth-five year plan.

·         Major Incidents at the time

§  Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) 1978                                                  8 . Sixth Five Year Plan:( 1980 to 1985)

·         The basic objective of this plan was poverty eradication and technological self-reliance.

·         It was based on investment Yojna, infrastructural changing and the trend to the growth model.

·         Its growth target was 5.2% but it achieved 5.7%.                                                                        

9. Seventh Five Year Plan:( 1985 to 1990)

·         The objectives of this plan include the establishment of a self-sufficient economy, opportunities for productive employment.

·         For the first time, the private sector got priority over the public sector.

·         Its growth target was 5.0% but it achieved 6.0%.

·         Major Incidents at the time

§  Security Exchange board of India (1987)

Annual Plans: 

Eighth five Plan could not take place due to the volatile political situation at the centre. So two annual programmes are formed in 1990-91& 1991-92.

10.  Eighth Five Year Plan:( 1992 to 1997)

·         In this plan, the top priority was given to the development of human resources i.e. employment, education, and public health.

·         During this plan, Narasimha Rao Govt. launched the New Economic Policy of India.This plan was successful and got an annual growth rate of 6.8% against the target of 5.6%.

11. Ninth Five Year Plan:( 1997 to 2002)

·         The main focus of this plan was “growth with justice and equity”.

·         This plan failed to achieve the growth target of 7% and grow only at a rate of 5.6%.

·         Major Incidents at the time

§  JGSY – 1999

§  SGSY – 1999

§  SGRY - 2001.                                               
  

12. Tenth Five Year Plan :( 2002 to 2007)

·         Its growth target was 8.0% but it achieved only 7.2%.

13. Eleventh Five Year Plan :( 2007 to 2012)

·         It was prepared by the C. Rangarajan.

·         Its main theme was “faster and more inclusive growth”

·         Its growth rate target was 8.1% but it achieved only 7.9%

·         Dr Manmohan Singh called this plan as “India’s Education plan” because it aimed to increase the enrolment in higher education of 18–23 years of age group by 2011–12 and sanctioned Rs 3, 47,000 crores for Education.

14. Twelfth Five Year Plan :( 2012 to 2017)

·         Its main theme is “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”.

·         Its growth rate target is 8%.

                              Table 1

Plan	Years	Focus	Growth rate Target – Achieved
1	1951-56	agricultural	2.1%-3.6%
2	1956-61	industrial	4.5%-4.1%
3	1961-66	establishment of a self-reliant and self-generating economy	5.6%-2.8%
4	1969-74	growth with stability	5.5%-3.4%
5	1974-79/(78)	removal of poverty and attainment of self-reliance	4.4%-4.8%
6	1980-85	a direct attack on the problem of poverty by creating conditions of an expanding economy	5.2%-5.7%
7	1985-90	Emphasis on policies and programs that would accelerate the growth in food grains production	5%-6%
8	1992-97	development of human resources	5.6%-6.8%
9	1997-02	justice and equity	6.5%-5.4%
10	2002-07	justice and equity, development of human resources	8%-7.6%
11	2007-12	inclusive growth	8.1%-7.8&
12	2012-17	Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth	8.2%-plan discontinued

                          

                                                                                          

Table 2

Plan	Model
1	Harrod-Domar
2	Mahalanobis
3	Ashok Mehtha
4	Ashok Rudra & Alan S Manne
5	D.P. Dhar ,C. Subramanyam
7	Rajiv
8	LPG & Rao-Manmohan

Tabel 3

Plan	Vice President
1	Gulzari Lal Nanda
2	V.T. Krishnamachari
3	CM Trivedi, Ashok Mehatha
4	D.R. Gadgil, P. Subramanyam
5	P.N. Haxer, Lakdavala
6	N.D. Tiwari,S.B. Chavan
7	Man Mohan Singh
8	Pranab Mukarjee
9	Sri Madhu Davdavathe
10	K.C. Panth
11	M.S. Ahluwalia
12	M.S. Ahluwalia

Also Read : Poverty